India’s Foreign Policy
The
foreign policy of any country seeks to promote what is called as the “national
interest”
National
interest itself can be categorised into 2 types
1- Permanent or fundamental
interest
2- Changing interest
The
permanent interest related to preservation of sovereign & integration of
nation, promoting international peace & security, the economic development
of country.
Secondary
or non permanent interests are the interests which get reoriented itself with
the change in international politics.
Objectives of India’s
foreign policy
There
are 3 concrete fundamentals objectives of India’s foreign policy-
1- To promote the
international peace & security.
2- The preservation of
India’s territorial integrity & the independence of foreign policy.
3- Economic development of
India
The
above objectives of foreign policy get reflected in Article 51 of Indian
constitution. It is related to promotion of India’s peace & security. The
details of Article 51 are –
A) Having a friendly
relationship with other countries.
B) Promotion of international
peace & security
C) Respect for the
international law & international organisation like UN.
D) Peaceful settlement of
international disputes.
Principles of India’s foreign
policy
Non
alignment
Panchsheel
(peaceful coexistence)
Policy
against colonialism and imperialism (anti imperialism & anti colonialism)
Anti
racism
The
peaceful settlement of international dispute
Support
for UN, international law and justice and equitable world order.
Disarmament
Some contemporary principles
of India’s foreign policy
Gujral
doctrine
India’s
“looks east policy”
India’s
“looks west policy”
Central
Asia policy
Economic
policy or economic diplomacy
The
energy diplomacy
Disarmament
as a principle of India’s foreign policy
South
– south cooperation
India’s
nuclear policy
Non
alignment
The
policy of non alignment is core principle of India’s foreign policy. Non
alignment means to maintain independence in foreign affairs by not joining any military
alliance formed by USA or Soviet Union, which emerged as an important aspect of
cold war politics after the 2nd world war.
The non alignment should
not be confused with neutrality or non involvement in international affairs or
isolationism. It is a positive and dynamic concept. It postulates taking an
independent stand on international issues according to the merit of the case
and not as a matter of the case and not as a matter of influence of any
military block. Thus keeping away from the military alliances (NATO, WARSAW
Pact) and the super power blocks was a necessary condition for the independence
of foreign policy.
The India has promoted the non alignment as
a foreign policy principle along with many other newly independent 3rd
world countries. India has been the founding member and leader of non alignment
movement India under the leadership of Nehru conveyed the Asian relation
conference in New Delhi. in 1947 to force the idea of Asian solidarity. There
was another Asian relation conference conveyed by India in 1949 to discuss the
question of independence of Indonesia.
NAM- there are 120 member of the NAM in present .If every member leave
their short time vested interest and develop NAM as a powerful stage then the
problems arises before the world like terrorism ,climate change, crisis of food
,crisis of energy etc would be shortout.AS soon as they can play important role
in world politics to make more democratic institution like
like UNO ,IMF,WB etc
NAM-2.0- Announced foreign policy of India in 2011 is made for this
decant .purpose of this policy
is-together strategic autonomy protecting the values and finely make
India as a leader at the global stage. As soon as make India equal to the
developed states over the issues of economical development.
In this policy idealism and realism both have been accepted in
theoretical form .Aim of this policy search the opportunity for India in
present scenario as soon as reorganization and abolish the threat and danger
.It has also stated that ,which is necessary at the demand of time will be
implemented rapidly so development will be fast . In this policy it has also
accepted that the present situations are not going to stay for long time so
implementation be rapid
in this policy it has also stated that we are not going to become
equivalent of china in earlier future so it need to make strong our self and
mind over the weaknesses of china and keep the policy of tit for tat with
china
Conclusion - there are three important causes for provide success to
this policy - domestic economical development, social inclusion and
continuation in politics.
Panchasheel
Panchasheel consists of the 5
principles of peaceful coexistence. These are the guiding principles of India’s
bilateral relations with different countries.
1- Mutual respect for each
other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
2- Non aggression against
each other.
3- Non interference in each
other internal affair.
4- Equality and mutual
benefit.
5- Peaceful co-existence
Gujral Doctrine
The
Gujral doctrine was initiative of former PM I.K.Gujral. It was sought to build
the trust between India and its neighbours. The doctrine emphasises on the
importance of unilateral concessions and unilateral accommodation for the
friendly and the warm relationship of India with her neighbours.
1) With India’s neighbours
India does not ask for the reciprocity but would provide unilateral concessions
and would also accommodate what it can do in good faith & trust.
2) No country should
interfere in internal affairs for others
3) Mutual respect for
territorial integrity and sovereignty.
4) Countries should resolve
the disputes through the peaceful bilateral negotiations.
Kashmir was a Muslim-majority princely state, ruled by a
Hindu king, Maharaja Hari Singh. At the time of the partition of India,
Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of the state, preferred to remain independent
and did not want to join either the Union of India or the Dominion of Pakistan.
He wanted both India and Pakistan to recognise his princely state as an
independent neutral country.
Backed by Pakistani paramilitary forces, Pashtun Mehsud
tribals invaded Kashmir in October 1947 under the code name "Operation
Gulmarg" to seize Kashmir. Instead of moving on to Srinagar just 50 km
away. Kashmir's security forces turned out to be too weak and ill-equipped to
fight against Pakistan. the Maharaja now
turned to India and requested India for troops to safeguard Kashmir. Indian
Prime Minister Nehru was ready to send the troops, but the acting Governor
General of India, Lord Mountbatten, advised the Maharaja to accede to India
before India could send its troops. Hence, considering the emergent situation
he signed the instrument of accession to the Union of India on 26 October 1947
By this time
the raiders were close to the capital, Srinagar. Indian troops were airlifted
from Delhi, landed at Srinagar airport in Kashmir on 27 October 1947 and
secured the airport before proceeding to evict the invaders from Kashmir
valley.
The Indian
troops managed to evict the aggressors from parts of Kashmir. After weeks of
intense fighting between Pakistan and India, Pakistani leaders and the Indian
Prime Minister Nehru declared a ceasefire and sought U.N. arbitration with the
promise of a plebiscite. India launched Operation Meghdoot and captured more
than 80% of the Siachen Glacier.
Due to all such
political differences, this territorial claim has been the subject of wars
between the two countries in 1947 and 1965, and a limited conflict in 1999. To be cont…..
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