Internal security
Meaning -
Physical boundary –peace and system establishment
Personal + national dev.
Challenges: diversity and wideness
Ø Act of keeping peace within borders
of a sovereign state or others governing terrortries generally by upholding
national law and defending against internal security threats.
Unity-emotionally attached
Interigity-physically attached
Sovereignty- efficiency of internal & external control
Responsibility of IS-
military
Paramilitary
Police
forces
For all these challenges -constitution
was formed
To fulfill desires of people, provisions were done
1.
Fundamental
rights –(Art 14-18,29-30)
2.
DPSP-(Art
39-distribution of justice)
Ø All the state property is people’s
property
Ø Center-state relations off creates
problems in front of India’s internal security to comeback these problems,
constitution of India has done provisions
1. Schedule 7 - list center -97, state
-66, concurrent 47
2. Art. 249
3. Emergency powers (art 352,356,360)
etc.
Question : relation
between development and extremism (200 words)
India PAK
Initially-
British commander
same as
ê
Jinnah
asked to attack India but British commander refuse to attack because Indian
commander was from his country only both controlled by British man.
Then Jinnah asked tribal man of PAK to
attack
Situation-India 1947-48 tribal attack
by PAK
Kashmir asked India to
send army.
But: it was not Indian state
then to army not went there we asked Kashmir to sign on agreement
Result: Kashmir signed then India send
army & won
Kashmir
problem :India Approach
Peace is established so opinion poll
is not possible UNO says PAK back his forces within 90 days.
J&k forms its constitution.
In J&K constitution –J&K is a
part of India
External interface:
Direct War 1947, 1965(Run of kuch),
1971(Bangla), 1999(Kargil war & LOC)
Indirect war- law intensity conflict
(proxy war)
Terrorism + separatism
India won in all direct wars
Indirect war is cheap method for PAK
so he combined
This alliance, works as asset for PAK
which is used by PAK against India.
PAK supported this alliance which is clearly visible. ISI (PAK intelligence
agency) retired general becomes guidelines for radical groups of PAK.PAK
doesn’t take any responsibility of work of these alliance & says these are
jidhai groups but in under international pressure these are probhited then
these organization change their name and stats working again like let changed
its name JUD (Jammat-UL-Dawa) and started working.
Due to this alliance danger for India is WMD (atomic)
weapon should not reach in hands of radicals groups if it happens then it can
be used from anywhere even from land of India too. a
PAK uses this alliance to weaken India’s
position. To control this problem India is spending too much fund on it. And PAK
showing Bharat is affected from internal problems and can’t take international
leadership.
Ø Steps Taken by Indian government to solve Kashmir’s
problem
1.
Security
step
2.
Civil
steps
3.
Infrastructure
development
· security : central government + state government
To stop infiltration –used multi
dimensional approach in see border management is made strong using fencing,
cameras, drone etc. and also multi layered(soldiers & their seniors) and
multi model posting (necessary & Different
weapons)
Ø Smooth flow of info among security
forces in which police, Para-military forces army IB officers are included
(Central government gives state government
heavy fund for transformation & modernization of police forces since 1989
to still -4735.38 cr.)
India is changing its soft state shadow in which he is doing trials on
terrorists and strong action against their helpers (e.g. Afzal guru was hanged
till death)
By government on district level,
forces are formed in case youth are included have surrendered
Ø civil :-
Ø Steps are being taken for youths to link with
mainstream in which democratic producer is being used, the probes are being
undertaken effectively and to improve civil administrate steps are taken.
To ensure a sustained peace
process and to provide adequate opportunities to all sections of the
people in state who eschew violence to effectively represent their view points
for all these programs run by central government
Ø Youth contact programme, across LOC
trades between J&K and POK.
Ø Recently launched “UDAAN” for
migrants of Kashmir for funding and work etc.
Ø Relief and rehabilitation of Kashmir
migrants.
Question:-
1. Indian government steps to solve
Kashmir problem?(200 words)
2. State actor and non state actors role
in Kashmir problem ?(200 words )
3. Our neighbor country development
using proxy war, what benefits he wanted?(200 words)
Ø Infrastructure development :
Prime
minister announced packages for roads ,development
,flats etc.
Youth exchange programme
By govt.
-“VATAN KO JANO” programme in Kashmiri youth-bring in the front of other
state’s development and culture. This joint programme is run by home ministry
of India government & j&k work department (home ministry) in this facility
of travelling to youth of Kashmir provides in other states of India by which
they knows about culture of other states.
People to people contact across LOC
For confidence (trust) building
The public transport (BUS) has been started to connect people
to people
·
In 2005 – Srinagar to Rawalkot(POK)
·
In 2006 - Punch to Rawalkot
·
Since 2008in both of area free
trade in 29 items
·
In 2012- under religion activities
–religious activities organized
Relief and rehabilitation of kasmir migrants
Approx 60k migrants –Jammu -40k Delhi -20k
6600 rs/month/family -2500/m/person
In 2015 10000rs/m/family (maximum)
Recently in shekpura (Badgam
District) of Jammu, 200 flats given to kashmiri migrants
UDAAN 2015
For guaranteed
job for Kashmiri youths –this programme was started based on PPP model. Around
62 corporate companies supported this programme presently 12996 youth is
connected with this programme within 5 years targeted youth are 71305
These corporate companies will provide free
training to Kashmiri youth first, and then job will be given in rest part of
the country.
Ø Amaranth yatra :
To give
employment to people of Kashmir, during Amaranth yatra ,shops or business
related work freedom only for Kashmir citizen not other state citizen of India
Jammu and Kashmir update magazine
Monthly
magazine launched since 2009 which coverall the programmes and incidents
happening in j&k soft copy of this magazine is also available on website of
home ministry of Indian government.
Jammu and kashmir
economical development
Central
government provides help to state government for multi-dimension development
And it
will lead to physical development –economical and social infrastructure
improvement – better lifestyle increase in living standard & increased
product
Special Task Force
for Jammu –ladakh region
For
development of Jammu + Leh + Kargil
to remove
fulfillment lack of infrastructure and for development needs- government invests
crores of rs last year 600 cr. Expenses has done.
Ø Prime minister yatra declarations
1. In 2004 total 67 projects started.
And 35 has completed cost of this project 24k cr. Now to 36264.70cr.
All
these projects are based on for infrastructure and employment.
2. In 2008 1618 cr. Announced for Kashmir
pandit migrants
3. In 2014 flags of a new train in katra
– udampur
4. In 2015 75k cr. Announced. This amount
is mainly focused on disaster, physical
and social infrastructure development
International provision :
UNO
gives freedom to every country for self defence.it gives right to action but
relations of India and PAK too weak & this action may be convert into war. And
it is confirmed that wmd will be used.
If India keeps
international pressure on PAK then he lives in limits because countries like
America first looks its own interest.
20
Words
1. Sovereignty- efficiency of external
or internal control
2. Unity –the state of being unity joined
emotionally
3. Interigity –the state of being physically
4. Terrorism –
5. Separatism-practice of separate of
creating group from larger group on the basis of ethimicify ,religion, gender
6. Multi dimension approach
7. Letter of acceration/settlement
8. Low intensity conflict
4th Terrorism
1. Unlawful use of forces or violence
against person or government or property to further certain political/social
objectives.
2. Use of violent to frighten the
people in an area as a way of trying to achive political goal
3. It is a limited political
–military struggle to obtain political, military, social, economic or
psychological objects.
Insurgency
8 states –m3 NSA2 (NE-)- Meghlaya,Manipur,Mizoram,Tripura
,Nagaland ,Sikkim ,Arunachal, Assam
Leftism –JOB CU M2 BA (naxlism)-
Jharkhand ,Orissa, Chatthigrah ,East up. Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh, Bihar,
Andhra Pradesh & (Telangana also)
World ideology – capitalism socialism
Liberalism Marxism
Maoism
Naxalism
ê
Freedom Equality
Ø CAPTALISM
:- LAISSERY FAIRE POLICY
POLICE STATE IS A ROLE OF STATE
SECURITY –INTERNAL & EXTERNAL
PRICE DETERMINED BY MARKET
Ø SOCIALISM
:- BASE
IS EQUALITY
RESOURCES OF PRODUCTIO IS CONTROLLEDBY STATE
PEACE BASED EQUALITY
Ø NAXILISM :- SOCIALISM
IS BASED ON MOVEMENT(SLOW CHANGE)
WEARS MARXISM REVOULATION BASED
EQUALITY
(e.g.
- maosim, naxlism)
Ø In India, insurgency is in two area-
north east and leftism (Vampanthi-some states like Bihar, Jharkhand etc.
All these groups use violence for
their aim/goal out of some group have started accepting Indian democratic
system but some do not accepted like CPI (maoisist) –this group boycotts elections
system government has banned it.
Naxilism started in decades of 70’s
charu majumdar in the starting period by this movement small labours and
farmers joined but presently SC-ST joined more in no.
Population of SC/ST in India =1/4
It becomes a big issue cause of
joining of this movement by SC/ST
SC- low condition in society and unemployed etc.
ST- illiteracy ,poverty, malmitrition, live
in forest areas ,exploitation by businessmen government projects because 40%
people migrate cause of development projects from their native places present
demand of all these groups are water ,forest & land
è WORK OF INSURGENT GROUP
All these groups target
infrastructural work because they believe these infrastructure development is
reason for our exploitation .by this development the businessmen will come
easily in our area and will exploit us if roads and bridges are better security
forces will easily come and exploit us (in some areas it is written that “khaki
and khadi are not allowed” means neither police nor politician or ministers
will come in our areas this is called parallel government.
Parallel government-
It means “giving challenges “to constitution
“and to establish their authority in some area.
Step by government to extreme demands of organizations
Consititunial provisions – she. -
5&6, president & Governess’s special provisions for
SC/ ST.
Some other legal steps –in this area
all police stations have emotional officers appointed during hearing listens
to them first. Even judiciary has judges of these communities which gives
priority to them.
Government has formed many commissions
and national SC commission and SCDC (schedule cast development corporation)this
corporation gives loan at very low interest to them and NSCFDC( national sc
financial dev. Programme) this commission gives loan for self employment.
v IAP:- integrated action plan
This plan targets those areas which are undeveloped and are
more affected from radicals. For this a fund is organized –BACKWARD GRANT FUND
v BACKWARD GRANT FUND
To spent of this fund in development
responsible are member parliament (MP) member of leglaistive assembly (MLA), I.F.S. DM, SP
This fund is given for infrastructure and drinking water but critics say
that only 3% of this fund expends on health & drinking water .it should be
more.
Also accept by critics that this fund
should be spend by local bodies to use.
POLICIES OF GOVRNMENT
Two types of policies 1. Dialogue
2. Use of force action
1. Dialogue: - government
using dialogue asks for surrender and those groups who surrender’s, government
gives 2.5 lekhs rs F.D. (acc. To affected areas) for 3 years and some
amount for life spent (4000 in some areas & 3000 in other areas) and with
it training programs also conduct for those to get better work in future by
which they can connect with society in future.
2. Agreement: - peace establishment is basic need for development by
understanding these facts government do agreement with these groups this
agreement is for some specific period. After complitition of this period, this
agreement did again. Government has done such agreement with many groups like
naga peace deal.
In north east more powerful organization is nagas this is ideal for
other groups of NE (Naga – Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Manipur)
Indian government has done agreement
with naga in 2001 for first time. But this agreement was not successful again
done 2007 but even this time it was not successful to that extend.
Recently in 2015 –Indian government has again signed an agreement with
naga and it is successful with NSCN (IM) (national socialist council of
Nagaland).[leader –isaaq mohiwa ].
Through this agreement, nagas got
freedom in special areas.
Reason for surrender of NE groups –
1. NEPAL: - in
2005 Nepali communist party left the way of struggle and became part of government
they stopped to help these groups.
Monarch – Democratic
2. Bangladesh: –
in2009 Sheikh Hasina came in power, she probhited radical group –JAMAT-E-ISLAMI
in Bangladesh and leader of radical group Rehman has given to be hang till
death. Patrolling on border is continuing with joint cooperation. Recently both
of countries for border security have given provision for joint post.
3. Myanmar: -
Myanmar kept free sagai area for these groups .Myanmar kept free these groups
for any activity in its own area. But since 2009, Myanmar has done agreement
with India and stopped giving support to these groups. both India and Myanmar
on borders do joint patrolling, but problem is border of India and Myanmar is
porous(physically varied hills,water,forest etc.)
4. China: - in
starting phase, china gave full support to these groups –but after economic
relations with India this situation became better by then china stopped helping
these groups.
Presently all groups are in underpressuer of civil society of these
areas by that they are agreed for agreement.
v 2.FORCE ACTION
Government is working in three steps:-
1st Using force, area specially cleaning of
insurgents
2nd Establish control of government in areas by
which the radicals can not raise again
3rd improve in life style with development
For this work government has formed many organizations and other steps
also taken –
1.
COBRA
(command battalion for resolute action.) by central govt. :-
Modern weapons +training special for
forest areas
Indian government has never used Indian army to fight with naxalism or extremism
reasons are below:-
Moral of Indian army will be down
because army is trained to fight in internal matters. If army used then in
front of international community, internal forces of India will be proved
failure .Indian government has formed anew force i.e. COBRA. This battalion has
selected soldiers of other forces and given special training to them to fight
in forest areas and advance modern weapons are given to them to fight in those
areas.
1.
Unified
command : -
To coordinate in forces at state and
central level – multi agencies centre in which chief secretary of many states
are appointed as officers. This command has DGP, AG/IG, who has work in naxal
areas i.e. Anti -naxal, development commsioner,IB officers,CRPF officers.
2.
INDIA
RESERVE BATTLION :-
To fight with insurgent’s central government
has formed these forces to make police better like 51 battalion in north
eastern states (48Rave started working)
3.
Safe police
station establishment :-
For safety of police stations (approx 400 stations)
every station is allotted 2cr. Rs
4.
CIAT SCHOOL
(anti terrorist) :- Indian government has permitted 20such school out of some are
constructed like in Bihar out of 4, these are established.
5.
VDP :-
VILAGE DEFENCE PARTY & VG (villages Guard )
These guards are formed by appointing youth during night, these projects
village provide security central government gives 15000 rs /month (expect
mizo,Sikkim,assam ,Manipur, Tripura) all these expenses of these youth are
provided by central government under security related expenses.
Organized crime, money laundering, cyber security
{D-COMPANY}
Organized crime is working as a big
group internationally, reach of this is in the politics and even in cinema
world .organized crime is a big problem for India when it gets support of
terrorism (alliance of organized crime with terrorism) both these do illegal
trade of weapon, human & drugs trafficking, money laundering etc. this
alliance started from decades of 70 under which terrorist group ands country’s
agency (ISI- PAK) gives protection to organized crime. In return these gives
knowledge of N.W. & secret info to terrorist groups and agencies alliance
know clearly .recently after arrest of David Hadley told that in Afghanistan
against USSR, America (CIA) provided info to ISI of PAK.
Organized crime and terrisiom
1. Loexistencce
2. Cooperation
3. Conference
Note: - recently India’s secret agency
RAW told that ISI and Dawood Ibrahim all together are planning a big terrorist
activity against India.
Problems of handling:-
1. Lack of cooperation between 2
states busy in self conflicts like indo-PAK.
2. less amount of international
cooperation because energy country first look at their own interests although UNO has established convention but
this is also not established property due to inter conflicts backward states.
Like before Paris attack both USA
&USSR approach on IS was different
3.Internal –law and order &
police is state subject which need to work properly although for solution of
this problem NCTC (national counter terrorism center) establishment is being
focused.
Solution
1. Extradition – India has extradition
treaties with 31 countries (exchange of terrorists).
2. India is transforming in its soft
state nature recently yakub mammon was
hanged out till death
3. India providing technical training to
security agency and working strongly like ATU.
Money laundering
Conversion of black money into white money
is called money laundering methods are-
Hawalla, gambelling, horse sacing
beside these one major method is round tripping means country’s money e.g. Mauritius
TO STOP MONEY LAUNDRING –METHODS
INDIA :- Indian government has passed
an act PMLA-2002 to stop money laundering which is amended timely recently in
2012 under this act controlled on bank, share ,insurance to control on all
these 3 a new agency is formed FIU(financial intelligence unit)
Under FIU: - RBI (Banks)
SEBI (Shares)
IRDA (insurance)
Government started KYC (know your
customer) programme in which during financial transaction complete knowledge of
customer & record kept .if any institution violates these norms then action
is taken. Recently actions had taken by government against RBI, HDFC BANK, and
ICICI bank.
Cyber security
By using electronic equipments, the
exchanges of information done is related to cyber security .cyber security
presently is a challenge for all the states in present, whether government,
general public their data ,any state can create internal problems in other
states.
In present smart phones has done this work more challenging and
dangerous because everyone uses fb and whatsapp e-mail and other social sites
using smart phones only.
Cyber threats are very
difficult to detect because it does not leave any clue behind.
Cyber threats is of 4 types
1. Loss of confidentiality: - secret
info is available to fake /wrong people.
2. Loss of interigity: - change amendment
in basic nature
3. loss of availability :- taked out info for whom not available for that
4. Break info: - power shout down or
info sys is hanged eg. –team viewer
America
and china both recently raised an issue both accused each other that their info
is being stolen.
This blame on America confirmed by
Edward snowden has told that America is copying info of other states also
accumulating /stoling info of American citizen.
In 2007 America started surveillance
programme “PRISM” in which it can keep watch on transmitted received info and analyses
it, official name of this programme is SIGAD US-984XN
Happening in international world
problems also seen in India .so to solve it problem in July 2013 national cyber
security policy was declared under a force ‘CSWF’ (cyber security work force)
is selected this force will be based on
PPP model very soon government will appoint 5lekh security force.
In this policy national critical info
infrastructure project centre (NCIIPC) will be formed .this centre will
be under dept. of electronics IT. Watch on this centre NTRO (NATIONAL
TECH.RESEARCH ORG.)
Chairman of NTRO is NSA (NATIONAL
SECURITY ADVISOR) which is directly responsible to pm
Note:- except this policy ,government
started other programme As well -
E-COMMERCE,E-SIGN, E-CONTACT
BORDER SECURITY
Border of India is with many
countries which is total 15106 km (Afghanistan border of 106 km is not in India’s
control in present)
Coast land: - 7516
International border is connected with many countries and through these
borders there are many challenges created for India.
Challenge
of border:-
1.
Intrusion –china
2. Infiltration-
PAK, Bangladesh, Myanmar
3.
Drug and human trafficking –PAK,
Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal
4. insurgency- PAK , Bangladesh, Myanmar
5.
Terrisiom-PAK bangle Myanmar
6.
Counterflict currencies – Nepal
& PAK
7. Separatist – naxlism being supported
8. smuggling- illegal arms trade
9. Growing links between narcotics,
smugglers, terrorists
10.
Safe heaven to insurgents, terrorists
Drugs and human trafficking
In India both these work organized crime is seen this organized crime to
work in India ,uses international border in which Nepal, PAK, Bangldesh,myanmyar
border is used.
With Bangladesh
& Myanmar extradition rupay exchange system is completed recently .also
with both countries joint patrolling agreement also done.
Recently with Bangladesh
agreement is done on joint post by opc through these borders trafficking of
human & drugs has become difficult but the problem is with these two
countries Indian border is pours( geographical diversity )
In present by PAK & Nepal
border this work is done strong arrangements like posting of forces, fencing, floodlights,
cameras, recently drone system deal is done with America.
From this border this work has became very difficult.
Border of Nepal is used for this
work because indo-Nepal border is very congested .international border also not
clearly defiend.due to these drugs trafficking is very easy.
Ø On Nepal border ,Indian security force keep watch but
result are not better reason for these are -
1. Nepal –India treaty 1950-in this
treaty both countries have freedom on many issues –free trade, weapons
purchasing- sell etc.
2. Madeshi –with madeshi people, India
have cultural identification.
3. Nepal is a buffer state (between two
great powers state )
4. Congestion between India & Nepal
making border over there is a difficult task because both countries share 1751
k.m. border
# Indian government has appointed different forces on different borders to
stop drug trafficking.
Indian security forces –
1. Active 1325000 (3rd )
2. Reserve 1155000 (7th) POLICE- PARAMILITRY –NAVY-NSG
3. Paramilitary force and police force
and CAPF 1293300(4th )
Components
CAPF – central armed police force
Paramilitary
Navy Air force
Intelligence agency- IB RAW
ê
in
India outside India
Center – state Relations
relations
of center and state & relations
between states presents challenges to Indian internal security between states these are many
internal conflicts like river water dispute state borders conflict ,smulling on
state borders ,police system NCTC issue, ideology in political authority
difference,partialty behaviors of center towards states.
Constitution gives some special
rights to central government to avoid disputes among states and can establish
peace because many times some statements are heard challenges to internal
security .this disputes is related to areas.
Like a political party of a
Maharashtra said that if north Indian want to come Mumbai then it requires
permit.
Former c.m. of Tamilnadu “karuna
nidhi” said Tamilnadu is for Tamil and Hindustan is for Hindi speakers” all
these statements affect India’s unity and integrity.
State specific people are partial states
developed during green revaluation treats (discriminate) other states inferior
to them. This is also seen in regional party groups. Many times between 2
states disputes of river &border is also seen to solve river disputes
central government between states tribunals are formed in which representatives
of both states and centers are present like in south India –kaveri river
tribunal.
States struggle to separate
and this struggle –change internal peace in violence due to it
development suffers. Recently telangana movement in 2002
Dispute between up &
uttrakhand incidence in western up near Saharanpur etc. for solution of these
problems centre interferes and using art3 of Indian constitution , problem is
solved.
States areas near by Delhi are developed better due to different
problems are created between other states
Economic dispute: - division of tax
is done by central government and central government funds more to those states
where the government is same as centre. Due to tensions /struggle between
states.
NCTC: - NATIONAL COUNTER TERRORISM CENTRE
After incidence of26/11 in forces
–for cooperation between forces NCTC
formation was initiated in which complete right (during emergency) Is in hands
of centre forces & intelligence agencies when disaster occurred takes
control from c.m. and by that can be
free easily from trouble by better way.
But states having
anti center government were against it and they blamed by NCTC central
government is trying to dominate and rule on us so it is better for center government
to give us freedom and we will make our police force modernized .
If state government work together leaving behind their internal conflict
then peace & good governance can be established in better way like in
Andhra Pradesh unified command formation has solved the problem naxalite.
Foreign policy (I.R.)
Non Alignment movement:-
NAM means to take active participation in
international politics, by being part of any group western countries said that countries
like India accepted it as their weakness.
Reason
of NAM
1.protect
own sovereignty- India
after struggling for many years got freedom so India does not want to join any
group and to obey their leader
2. Development:
- first condition of
development is to work away from politics and not to include in group politics take
favour from both groups.
3. Irrelevant: - in 1990 bipolar world ended and
became unipolar NAM is not relevant today
After Second World
War countries like America & Russia were struggling for ideology now that ideology
is ended NAM has not relevance today
in present Nam has total 120countries .this number is very large.
If they all work together they can meet all challenges present in the world in
a better way. Like –climate change, terrorism, economic crisis
Also global balance
can be achieved and developing countries can put their ideas through NAM on
international stage.
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